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During World War
Two the Channel Islands (comprising, principally, the islands
of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark and Herm) were the only part
of the British Isles ever to fall into enemy hands,
being occupied by the
German forces for five long years. The experience of the
Occupation period provides a fascinating insight into the way in
which things might have been had the Germans been equally
successful in their invasion of mainland England. The civilian
population was staunchly patriotic and determined to defy the
Germans at every opportunity, but the islands’ severely
restricted land area, coupled with vast numbers of enemy troops,
meant that organised resistance was futile. The two Island
Governments, - the States of Jersey, and the States of Guernsey
- were permitted to remain. However, they had only limited
power, and devoted their energies and meagre resources to
diluting some of the harsher military orders and looking after
the islanders’ general welfare; newspapers were censored, a
curfew was imposed, and much of the coastline was put out of
bounds by the creation of military zones. Later in the
Occupation, severe punishments were meted out on those who
listened to the BBC on clandestine radios, or who were caught
engaging in other acts of patriotism, such as attempting to
escape to England, hiding escaped Russian forced labourers,
disseminating Allied propaganda, defacing road signs or
sabotaging German equipment. |
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During the Occupation the Germans
fortified the Islands out of all proportion to their strategic
value, in order to fulfil Hitler’s personal directive that they
be turned into “impregnable fortresses”. Hitler was obsessed
with the idea that the Allies would try to regain the islands at
any price, and issued “Construction Orders” that resulted in
over 20% of the material that went into the so-called ‘Atlantic
Wall’ – a line of massive defence works which stretched from the
Baltic to the Spanish frontier – being committed to the Channel
Islands.
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Hundreds of concrete, reinforced bunkers
and gun emplacements, anti-tank walls and tunnels were
constructed during a two-year period up to September, 1943, but
for an invasion which never came.
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